================================= Creating your simulated variables ================================= Once you have created the :py:mod:`emc2.core.Model` and :py:mod:`emc2.core.Instrument` objects creating the simulated variables is as easy as:: $ my_model = emc2.simulator.main.make_simulated_data(my_model, my_instrument, num_columns) ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Cloud microphysical parameters ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Once you have done this, the model will make several variables related to the subcolumn microphysical properties as well as the simulated moments. The microphysical properties output by EMC^2 consist of the number concentration, liquid water mixing ratio, and cloud fraction in each subcolumn. +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | Variable name | Variable description | Units | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | strat_q_subcolumns_cl | | The cloud liquid water mixing | | | | | ratio in stratiform clouds. | kg/kg | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | strat_q_subcolumns_ci | | The cloud ice mixing ratio in | | | | | stratiform clouds. | kg/kg | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | strat_q_subcolumns_pl | | The precipitating liquid mixing | | | | | ratio in stratiform clouds. | kg/kg | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | strat_q_subcolumns_pi | | The precipitating ice mixing ratio | | | | | in stratiform clouds. | kg/kg | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | strat_n_subcolumns_cl | | The cloud liquid water particle number | | | | | concentration in stratiform clouds. | :math:`m^{-3}` | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | strat_n_subcolumns_ci | | The cloud ice particle number | | | | | concentration in stratiform clouds. | :math:`m^{-3}` | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | strat_n_subcolumns_pl | | The precipitating liquid particle concentration | | | | | in stratiform clouds. | :math:`m^{-3}` | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | strat_n_subcolumns_pi | | The precipitating ice particle | | | | | concentration in stratiform clouds. | :math:`m^{-3}` | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | strat_frac_subcolumns_cl | | The presence of liquid water particles in | 0 = No, 1 = Yes| | | | stratiform clouds. | | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | strat_frac_subcolumns_ci | | The presence of ice particles from stratiform | 0 = No, 1 = Yes| | | | clouds. | | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | strat_frac_subcolumns_pl | | The presence of liquid precipitation from | 0 = No, 1 = Yes| | | | stratiform clouds. | | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | strat_frac_subcolumns_pi | | The presence of ice precipitation from stratiform | 0 = No, 1 = Yes| | | | clouds. | | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | conv_q_subcolumns_cl | | The cloud liquid water mixing | | | | | ratio in convective clouds. | kg/kg | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | conv_q_subcolumns_ci | | The cloud ice water mixing ratio in convective clouds | kg/kg | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | conv_q_subcolumns_pl | | The precipitating liquid particle mixing | | | | | ratio in convective clouds. | kg/kg | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | conv_q_subcolumns_pi | | The precipitating ice particle mixing ratio | | | | | in convective clouds. | kg/kg | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | conv_n_subcolumns_cl | | The cloud liquid water particle | | | | | concentration in convective clouds. | :math:`m^{-3}` | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | conv_n_subcolumns_ci | | The cloud ice particle number | | | | | concentration in convective clouds. | :math:`m^{-3}` | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | conv_n_subcolumns_pl | | The precipitation liquid particle | | | | | concentration in convective clouds. | :math:`m^{-3}` | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | conv_n_subcolumns_pi | | The precipitation ice particle | | | | | concentration in ice clouds. | :math:`m^{-3}` | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | conv_frac_subcolumns_cl | | The presence of liquid water particles in | 0 = No, 1 = Yes| | | | convective clouds. | | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | conv_frac_subcolumns_ci | | The presence of ice particles from convection. | 0 = No, 1 = Yes| | | | | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | conv_frac_subcolumns_pl | | The presence of the volume covered by liquid | 0 = No, 1 = Yes| | | | precipitation. | | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | conv_frac_subcolumns_pi | | The presence of the volume covered by ice | 0 = No, 1 = Yes| | | | precipitation. | | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ +++++++++++++++++++++++++ Simulated radar variables +++++++++++++++++++++++++ In addition, if you are simulating a radar, EMC^2 will output the following parameters for each model generated subcolumn. +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | Variable name | Variable description | Units | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_Ze_tot_strat | | The total radar reflectivity factor from stratiform | | | | | clouds. | dBZ | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_Vd_tot_strat | | The doppler Velocity from all hydrometeors in stratiform | | | | | clouds. | m/s | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_sigma_d_tot_strat | | The spectral width from all hydrometeors in stratiform | | | | | clouds. | m/s | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_Ze_tot_conv | | The total radar reflectivity factor from convective | | | | | clouds. | dBZ | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_Vd_tot_conv | | The doppler Velocity from all hydrometeors in convective | | | | | clouds. | m/s | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_sigma_d_tot_conv | | The spectral width from all hydrometeors in convective | | | | | clouds. | m/s | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ For cloud liquid particles: +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | Variable name | Variable description | Units | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_Ze_cl_strat | | The radar reflectivity factor of cloud liquid particles | | | | | in clouds. | dBZ | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_Vd_cl_strat | | The doppler Velocity from cloud liquid particles in | | | | | stratiform clouds. | m/s | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_sigma_d_cl_strat | | The spectral width from cloud liquid particles in | | | | | stratiform clouds. | m/s | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_Ze_cl_conv | | The total radar reflectivity factor of cloud liquid | | | | | particles in convective clouds. | dBZ | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_Vd_cl_conv | | The doppler Velocity from cloud liquid particles | | | | | in convective clouds. | m/s | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_sigma_d_cl_conv | | The spectral width from cloud liquid particles in | | | | | convective clouds. | m/s | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ For cloud ice particles: +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | Variable name | Variable description | Units | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_Ze_ci_strat | | The radar reflectivity factor of cloud ice particles | | | | | in clouds. | dBZ | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_Vd_ci_strat | | The doppler Velocity from cloud ice particles in | | | | | stratiform clouds. | m/s | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_sigma_d_ci_strat | | The spectral width from cloud ice particles in | | | | | stratiform clouds. | m/s | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_Ze_ci_conv | | The total radar reflectivity factor of cloud ice | | | | | particles in convective clouds. | dBZ | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_Vd_ci_conv | | The doppler Velocity from cloud ice particles | | | | | in convective clouds. | m/s | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_sigma_d_ci_conv | | The spectral width from cloud ice particles in | | | | | convective clouds. | m/s | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ For liquid precipitation particles: +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | Variable name | Variable description | Units | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_Ze_pl_strat | | The radar reflectivity factor of liquid precipitation | | | | | particles in stratiform clouds. | dBZ | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_Vd_pl_strat | | The doppler Velocity of liquid precipitation | | | | | particles in stratiform clouds. | m/s | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_sigma_d_pl_strat | | The spectral width of liquid precipitation in | | | | | stratiform clouds. | m/s | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_Ze_pl_conv | | The radar reflectivity factor of liquid precipitation | | | | | particles in convective clouds. | dBZ | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_Vd_pl_conv | | The doppler Velocity of liquid precipitation particles | | | | | in convective clouds. | m/s | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_sigma_d_pl_conv | | The spectral width of liquid precipitation particles | | | | | convective clouds. | m/s | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ For ice precipitation particles: +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | Variable name | Variable description | Units | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_Ze_pl_strat | | The radar reflectivity factor of ice precipitation | | | | | particles in stratiform clouds. | dBZ | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_Vd_pl_strat | | The doppler Velocity of ice precipitation | | | | | particles in stratiform clouds. | m/s | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_sigma_d_pl_strat | | The spectral width of ice precipitation in | | | | | stratiform clouds. | m/s | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_Ze_pl_conv | | The radar reflectivity factor of ice precipitation | | | | | particles in convective clouds. | dBZ | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_Vd_pl_conv | | The doppler Velocity of ice precipitation particles | | | | | in convective clouds. | m/s | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ | sub_col_sigma_d_pl_conv | | The spectral width of ice precipitation particles | | | | | convective clouds. | m/s | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+ +++++++++++++++++++++++++ Simulated lidar variables +++++++++++++++++++++++++ If you are simulating a lidar, EMC^2 will output the following variables: +---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | Variable name | Variable description | Units | +---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_alpha_p_tot_conv | The extinction coefficient from all convective clouds. | /m | | | | | +---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_beta_p_tot_conv | The backscatter coefficient from all convective clouds | /m | | | | | +---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_OD_tot_conv | The optical depth from all convective clouds | | | | | | +---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_alpha_p_tot_strat | The extinction coefficient from all stratiform clouds. | /m | | | | | +---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_beta_p_tot_strat | The backscatter coefficient from all stratiform clouds | /m | | | | | +---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_OD_tot_strat | The optical depth from all stratiform clouds | | | | | | +---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------+ For the cloud liquid particles: +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | Variable name | Variable description | Units | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_alpha_p_cl_conv | | The extinction coefficient from the cloud liquid | /m | | | | particles in convective clouds. | | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_beta_p_cl_conv | | The backscatter coefficient from the cloud liquid | /m | | | | particles in convective clouds | | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_OD_cl_conv | | The optical depth from the cloud liquid particles in | | | | | convective clouds. | | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_alpha_p_cl_strat | | The extinction coefficient from the cloud liquid | /m | | | | particles in convective clouds. | | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_beta_p_cl_strat | | The backscatter coefficient from all the cloud liquid | /m | | | | particles in stratiform clouds. | | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_OD_cl_strat | | The optical depth from cloud liquid particles in | | | | | stratiform clouds. | | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+-------+ For the cloud ice particles: +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | Variable name | Variable description | Units | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_alpha_p_ci_conv | | The extinction coefficient from the cloud ice | /m | | | | particles in convective clouds. | | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_beta_p_ci_conv | | The backscatter coefficient from the cloud ice | /m | | | | particles in convective clouds | | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_OD_ci_conv | | The optical depth from the cloud ice particles in | | | | | convective clouds. | | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_alpha_p_ci_strat | | The extinction coefficient from the cloud ice | /m | | | | particles in convective clouds. | | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_beta_p_ci_strat | | The backscatter coefficient from all the cloud ice | /m | | | | particles in stratiform clouds. | | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_OD_ci_strat | | The optical depth from cloud ice particles in | | | | | stratiform clouds. | | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+-------+ For the liquid precipitation particles: +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | Variable name | Variable description | Units | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_alpha_p_pl_conv | | The extinction coefficient from the liquid precipitation | /m | | | | particles in convective clouds. | | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_beta_p_pl_conv | | The backscatter coefficient from the liquid precipitation | /m | | | | particles in convective clouds | | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_OD_pl_conv | | The optical depth from liquid precipitation in | | | | | convective clouds. | | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_alpha_p_pl_strat | | The extinction coefficient from liquid precipitation | /m | | | | particles in convective clouds. | | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_beta_p_pl_strat | | The backscatter coefficient from liquid precipitation | /m | | | | particles in stratiform clouds. | | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_OD_pl_strat | | The optical depth from liquid precipitation particles in | | | | | stratiform clouds. | | +---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------+-------+ For the ice precipitation particles: +---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | Variable name | Variable description | Units | +---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_alpha_p_pl_conv | | The extinction coefficient from the ice precipitation | /m | | | | particles in convective clouds. | | +---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_beta_p_pl_conv | | The backscatter coefficient from the ice precipitation | /m | | | | particles in convective clouds | | +---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_OD_pl_conv | | The optical depth from ice precipitation in | | | | | convective clouds. | | +---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_alpha_p_pl_strat | | The extinction coefficient from ice precipitation | /m | | | | particles in convective clouds. | | +---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_beta_p_pl_strat | | The backscatter coefficient from ice precipitation | /m | | | | particles in stratiform clouds. | | +---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | sub_col_OD_pl_strat | | The optical depth from ice precipitation particles in | | | | | stratiform clouds. | | +---------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-------+ ======================== Visualization of results ======================== :code:`model.ds` is a standard xarray dataset that includes all of xarray's plotting capabilities. Therefore, you can plot any of these parameters for a given subcolumn simply by doing:: $ model_display = act.plotting.TimeSeriesDisplay(my_model.ds.sel(subcolumn=0), figsize=(15,5)) $ model_display.plot('sub_col_Ze_cl_strat', cmap='act_HomeyerRainbow', vmin=-30, vmax=-15) $ model_display.axes[0].invert_yaxis() .. image:: Model_Ze.png If we want to compare against observations, you can harness the power of the `Atmospheric Community Toolkit `_ to make time series displays of the outputs. For example, to plot the reflectivity from KAZR, simply do:: $ display = act.plotting.TimeSeriesDisplay(KAZR.ds, figsize=(15,5)) $ display.plot('reflectivity_copol', cmap='act_HomeyerRainbow', subplot_index=(0, )) .. image:: Kazr_refl.png For more information on ACT's plotting routines click `here `_. In the future we plan on integrating ACT's Display module to make this process even easier.